CSS Variables

CSS Tutorial


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CSS Advanced


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CSS Responsive

CSS Grid

CSS User Variables

The var() function inserts the value of a CSS variable.

CSS variables have access to the DOM, which means that it enables the user to create variables with local or global scope, alter the variables with JavaScript, and change the variables depending on media queries.

Using CSS variables is a great way, when it comes to the colors used for designing. In place of using copy and paste the same colors over and over again, you can store them in variables.

The Traditional Way

The example below displays the traditional way of specifying some colors in a style sheet (by defining the colors to use, for each specific element):

HTML
				
					<h1>The Traditional Way</h1>
<div class="container">
  <h2>Lorem Ipsum</h2>
  <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Etiam semper diam at erat pulvinar, at pulvinar felis blandit.</p>
  <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Etiam semper diam at erat pulvinar, at pulvinar felis blandit.</p>
  <p>
    <button>Yes</button>
    <button>No</button>
  </p>
</div>
				
			
CSS
				
					body {
  background-color: lightblue;
}

h2 {
  border-bottom: 2px solid #1e90ff;
}

.container {
  color: #1e90ff;
  background-color: #ffffff;
  padding: 15px;
}

button {
  background-color: #ffffff;
  color: #1e90ff;
  border: 1px solid #1e90ff;
  padding: 5px;
}
				
			

Output

variables css

How var() Works

CSS variables can have a global or local scope.

Global variables can be used throughout the document, while local variables can be used only be declared within the selector.

To defines a variable with global scope, declare it within the :root selector. The :root selector  and the document’s root element are matched.

To define a variable with local scope, declare it within the selector that is to be used .

The below example is similar to the example above, but here the var() function is used.

Firstly, two global variables (–blue and –white) are declared. Then, the var() function is used  to insert the value of the variables in the the later part of style sheet:

HTML
				
					<h1>Using the var() Function</h1>
<div class="container">
  <h2>Lorem Ipsum</h2>
  <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Etiam semper diam at erat pulvinar, at pulvinar felis blandit.</p>
  <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Etiam semper diam at erat pulvinar, at pulvinar felis blandit.</p>
  <p>
    <button>Yes</button>
    <button>No</button>
  </p>
</div>
				
			
CSS
				
					:root {
  --blue: #1e90ff;
  --white: #ffffff; 
}

body {
  background-color: var(--blue);
}

h2 {
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--blue);
}

.container {
  color: var(--blue);
  background-color: var(--white);
  padding: 15px;
}

button {
  background-color: var(--white);
  color: var(--blue);
  border: 1px solid var(--blue);
  padding: 5px;
}
				
			

Output

variable using var keyword

Advantages of using var() are:

  • The code is easy to read.
  • It is easy to change the color values.