CSS 2D Transformation

CSS Tutorial


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CSS Advanced


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CSS Responsive

CSS Grid

CSS 2D Transforms

CSS transforms enables the user to move, rotate, scale, and skew elements.

CSS 2D Transforms Methods

With the CSS transform property the following 2D transformation methods can be used:

  • translate()
  • rotate()
  • scaleX()
  • scaleY()
  • scale()
  • skewX()
  • skewY()
  • skew()
  • matrix()

The translate() Method

The translate() method moves an element from its current position (according to the parameters given for the X-axis and the Y-axis).

In the below example, the <div> element  moves 50 pixels to the right, and 100 pixels  moves down from its current position:

HTML
				
					<h1>The translate() Method</h1>
<p>The translate() method moves an element from its current position:</p>
<div>
This div element is moved 50 pixels to the right, and 100 pixels down from its current position.
</div>
				
			
CSS
				
					div {
  width: 300px;
  height: 100px;
  background-color: grey;
  border: 1px solid black;
  transform: translate(50px,100px);
}
				
			

Output

translate css

The rotate() Method

The rotate() method rotates an element clockwise or counter-clockwise according to a given degree.

In the below example the <div> element rotates clockwise with 20 degrees:

HTML
				
					<h1>The rotate() Method</h1>
<p>The rotate() method rotates an element clockwise or counter-clockwise.</p>
<div>
This a normal div element.
</div>
<div id="myDiv">
This div element is rotated clockwise 20 degrees.
</div>
				
			
CSS
				
					div {
  width: 300px;
  height: 100px;
  background-color: grey;
  border: 1px solid black;
}

div#myDiv {
  transform: rotate(20deg);
}
				
			

Output

The scale() Method

The scale() method increases or decreases the size of an element (according to the parameters given for the width and height).

In the example below the <div> element increases to be two times its original width, and three times its original height:

HTML

				
					<h1>The scale() Method</h1>
<p>The scale() method increases or decreases the size of an element.</p>
<div>
This div element is two times of its original width, and three times of its original height.
</div>
				
			
CSS
				
					div {
  margin: 150px;
  width: 200px;
  height: 100px;
  background-color: grey;
  border: 1px solid black;
  transform: scale(2,3);
}
				
			

Output

scale method css

The scaleX() Method

The scaleX() method increases or decreases the width of an element.

In the below example the <div> element increases to be two times its original width:

HTML
				
					<h1>The scaleX() Method</h1>
<p>The scaleX() method increases or decreases the width of an element.</p>
<div>
This div element is two times of its original width.
</div>
				
			
CSS
				
					div {
  margin: 150px;
  width: 200px;
  height: 100px;
  background-color: grey;
  border: 1px solid black;
  transform: scaleX(2);
}
				
			

Output

scale x method

The scaleY() Method

The scaleY() method increases or decreases the height of an element.

In the below example, the <div> element increases to be three times its original height:

HTML
				
					<h1>The scaleY() Method</h1>
<p>The scaleY() method increases or decreases the height of an element.</p>
<div>
This div element is three times of its original height.
</div>
				
			
CSS
				
					div {
  margin: 150px;
  width: 200px;
  height: 100px;
  background-color: grey;
  border: 1px solid black;
  transform: scaleY(3);
}
				
			

Output

scale y css

The skewX() Method

The skewX() method skews an element along the X-axis by the given angle.

In this example, the <div> element  is skewed 20 degrees along the X-axis:

HTML
				
					<h1>The skewX() Method</h1>
<p>The skewX() method skews an element along the X-axis by the given angle.</p>
<div>
This a normal div element.
</div>
<div id="myDiv">
This div element is skewed 20 degrees along the X-axis.
</div>
				
			
CSS
				
					div {
  width: 300px;
  height: 100px;
  background-color: grey;
  border: 1px solid black;
}

div#myDiv {
  transform: skewX(20deg);
}
				
			

Output

skewx

The skewY() Method

The skewY() method skews an element along the Y-axis by the given angle.

In this example, the <div> element  is skewed 20 degrees along the Y-axis:

HTML
				
					<h1>The skewY() Method</h1>
<p>The skewY() method skews an element along the Y-axis by the given angle.</p>
<div>
This a normal div element.
</div>
<div id="myDiv">
This div element is skewed 20 degrees along the Y-axis.
</div>
				
			
CSS
				
					div {
  width: 300px;
  height: 100px;
  background-color: grey;
  border: 1px solid black;
}

div#myDiv {
  transform: skewY(20deg);
}
				
			

Output

skewy

The skew() Method

The skew() method skews an element along the X and Y-axis by the given angles.

In this example, the <div> element  is skewed 20 degrees along the X-axis, and 10 degrees along the Y-axis:

HTML
				
					<h1>The skew() Method</h1>
<p>The skew() method skews an element into a given angle.</p>
<div>
This a normal div element.
</div>
<div id="myDiv">
This div element is skewed 20 degrees along the X-axis, and 10 degrees along the Y-axis.
				
			
CSS
				
					div {
  width: 300px;
  height: 100px;
  background-color: grey;
  border: 1px solid black;
}

div#myDiv {
  transform: skew(20deg,10deg);
}
				
			

Output

The skew() Method

The skew() method skews an element along the X and Y-axis by the given angles.

In this example, the <div> element  is skewed 20 degrees along the X-axis, and 10 degrees along the Y-axis:

HTML

The matrix() Method

The matrix() method combines all the 2D transform methods into one.

The matrix() method uses six parameters, containing mathematic functions, that enable the user to rotate, scale, move (translate), and skew elements.

The parameters are as follow: matrix(scaleX(),skewY(),skewX(),scaleY(),translateX(),translateY())

HTML
				
					<h1>The matrix() Method</h1>
<p>The matrix() method combines all the 2D transform methods into one.</p>
<div>
This a normal div element.
</div>
<div id="myDiv1">
Using the matrix() method.
</div>
<div id="myDiv2">
Another use of the matrix() method.
</div>
				
			
CSS
				
					div {
  width: 300px;
  height: 100px;
  background-color: grey;
  border: 1px solid black;
}

div#myDiv1 {
  transform: matrix(1, -0.3, 0, 1, 0, 0);
}

div#myDiv2 {
  transform: matrix(1, 0, 0.5, 1, 150, 0);
}
				
			

Output