Rest API is the best option when working with a mobile application.
Laravel provides an easy way to design an API. If you have authentication in the mobile app then you can do so using a passport. Laravel 9 Passport gives a way to create auth token for validating users.
Below are the nine steps that will help you to create a rest API for your mobile application.
Step 1: Install Laravel 9
This is optional; but if you have not created the laravel app, then you might use the below command:
composer create-project laravel/laravel example-app
Step 2: Install Passport
You can install the passport through the Composer package manager, so you can use the below the command:
composer require laravel/passport
After installing the package, we need to get the default migration to create new passport tables in our database. Run the below command.
php artisan migrate
Next, install a passport using a command, Using passport:install command, is used to create token keys for security
php artisan passport:install
Step 3: Passport Configuration
Now, we will be configuring on three place model, service provider, and auth config file. So, follow changes on that file.
In model, we added HasApiTokens class of Passport,
In auth.php, api auth configuration is added.
app/Models/User.php
<?php namespace App\Models; use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\MustVerifyEmail; use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory; use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\User as Authenticatable; use Illuminate\Notifications\Notifiable; use Laravel\Passport\HasApiTokens; class User extends Authenticatable { use HasApiTokens, HasFactory, Notifiable; /** * The attributes that are mass assignable. * * @var array */ protected $fillable = [ 'name', 'email', 'password', ]; /** * The attributes that should be hidden for serialization. * * @var array */ protected $hidden = [ 'password', 'remember_token', ]; /** * The attributes that should be cast. * * @var array */ protected $casts = [ 'email_verified_at' => 'datetime', ]; } config/auth.php <?php return [ ..... 'guards' => [ 'web' => [ 'driver' => 'session', 'provider' => 'users', ], 'api' => [ 'driver' => 'passport', 'provider' => 'users', ], ], ..... ]
Step 4: Add Product Table and Model
Create a migration for posts table using Laravel 9 php artisan command, so first use the below command:
php artisan make:migration create_products_table
After this command, you ‘ll be finding one file in following path database/migrations and you have to use the below code in your migration file for create products table.
<?php use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration; use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint; use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema; return new class extends Migration { /** * Run the migrations. * * @return void */ public function up() { Schema::create('products', function (Blueprint $table) { $table->id(); $table->string('name'); $table->text('detail'); $table->timestamps(); }); } /** * Reverse the migrations. * * @return void */ public function down() { Schema::dropIfExists('products'); } };
After migration has been created, run the above migration using following command:
php artisan migrate
After creating “products” table, you must create Product model for products, so first create file in this path app/Models/Product.php and use the below the content in item.php file:
app/Models/Product.php
<?php namespace App\Models; use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory; use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model; class Product extends Model { use HasFactory; /** * The attributes that are mass assignable. * * @var array */ protected $fillable = [ 'name', 'detail' ]; }
Step 5: Create API Routes
Let’s create api routes. Laravel offers api.php file for write web services route. So, add new route on that file.
routes/api.php
<?php use Illuminate\Http\Request; use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route; use App\Http\Controllers\API\RegisterController; use App\Http\Controllers\API\ProductController; /* |-------------------------------------------------------------------------- | API Routes |-------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Here is where you can register API routes for your application. These | routes are loaded by the RouteServiceProvider within a group which | is assigned the "api" middleware group. Enjoy building your API! | */ Route::post('register', [RegisterController::class, 'register']); Route::post('login', [RegisterController::class, 'login']); Route::middleware('auth:api')->group( function () { Route::resource('products', ProductController::class); });
Step 6: Create Controller Files
Let’s create new controller as BaseController, ProductController and RegisterController, we have created new folder “API” in Controllers folder because we will make alone APIs controller, So create both controller:
app/Http/Controllers/API/BaseController.php
<?php namespace App\Http\Controllers\API; use Illuminate\Http\Request; use App\Http\Controllers\Controller as Controller; class BaseController extends Controller { /** * success response method. * * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response */ public function sendResponse($result, $message) { $response = [ 'success' => true, 'data' => $result, 'message' => $message, ]; return response()->json($response, 200); } /** * return error response. * * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response */ public function sendError($error, $errorMessages = [], $code = 404) { $response = [ 'success' => false, 'message' => $error, ]; if(!empty($errorMessages)){ $response['data'] = $errorMessages; } return response()->json($response, $code); } }
app/Http/Controllers/API/RegisterController.php
<?php namespace App\Http\Controllers\API; use Illuminate\Http\Request; use App\Http\Controllers\API\BaseController as BaseController; use App\Models\User; use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth; use Validator; class RegisterController extends BaseController { /** * Register api * * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response */ public function register(Request $request) { $validator = Validator::make($request->all(), [ 'name' => 'required', 'email' => 'required|email', 'password' => 'required', 'c_password' => 'required|same:password', ]); if($validator->fails()){ return $this->sendError('Validation Error.', $validator->errors()); } $input = $request->all(); $input['password'] = bcrypt($input['password']); $user = User::create($input); $success['token'] = $user->createToken('MyApp')->accessToken; $success['name'] = $user->name; return $this->sendResponse($success, 'User register successfully.'); } /** * Login api * * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response */ public function login(Request $request) { if(Auth::attempt(['email' => $request->email, 'password' => $request->password])){ $user = Auth::user(); $success['token'] = $user->createToken('MyApp')-> accessToken; $success['name'] = $user->name; return $this->sendResponse($success, 'User login successfully.'); } else{ return $this->sendError('Unauthorised.', ['error'=>'Unauthorised']); } } }
app/Http/Controllers/API/ProductController.php
<?php namespace App\Http\Controllers\API; use Illuminate\Http\Request; use App\Http\Controllers\API\BaseController as BaseController; use App\Models\Product; use Validator; use App\Http\Resources\ProductResource; class ProductController extends BaseController { /** * Display a listing of the resource. * * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response */ public function index() { $products = Product::all(); return $this->sendResponse(ProductResource::collection($products), 'Products retrieved successfully.'); } /** * Store a newly created resource in storage. * * @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response */ public function store(Request $request) { $input = $request->all(); $validator = Validator::make($input, [ 'name' => 'required', 'detail' => 'required' ]); if($validator->fails()){ return $this->sendError('Validation Error.', $validator->errors()); } $product = Product::create($input); return $this->sendResponse(new ProductResource($product), 'Product created successfully.'); } /** * Display the specified resource. * * @param int $id * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response */ public function show($id) { $product = Product::find($id); if (is_null($product)) { return $this->sendError('Product not found.'); } return $this->sendResponse(new ProductResource($product), 'Product retrieved successfully.'); } /** * Update the specified resource in storage. * * @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request * @param int $id * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response */ public function update(Request $request, Product $product) { $input = $request->all(); $validator = Validator::make($input, [ 'name' => 'required', 'detail' => 'required' ]); if($validator->fails()){ return $this->sendError('Validation Error.', $validator->errors()); } $product->name = $input['name']; $product->detail = $input['detail']; $product->save(); return $this->sendResponse(new ProductResource($product), 'Product updated successfully.'); } /** * Remove the specified resource from storage. * * @param int $id * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response */ public function destroy(Product $product) { $product->delete(); return $this->sendResponse([], 'Product deleted successfully.'); } }
Step 7: Create Eloquent API Resources
This is a very important step of creating rest api in laravel 9. you can use eloquent api resources with api. it will helps you to make same response layout of your model object. we used in ProductController file. now we have to create it using following command:
php artisan make:resource ProductResource
Now, we have created new file with new folder on following path:
app/Http/Resources/ProductResource.php
<?php namespace App\Http\Resources; use Illuminate\Http\Resources\Json\JsonResource; class ProductResource extends JsonResource { /** * Transform the resource into an array. * * @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request * @return array|\Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable|\JsonSerializable */ public function toArray($request) { return [ 'id' => $this->id, 'name' => $this->name, 'detail' => $this->detail, 'created_at' => $this->created_at->format('d/m/Y'), 'updated_at' => $this->updated_at->format('d/m/Y'), ]; } }
Run Laravel App
All the required steps have been done, now type the given below command and enter to run the Laravel app:
php artisan serve
make sure in details api we will use following headers as listed bellow:
'headers' => [ 'Accept' => 'application/json', 'Authorization' => 'Bearer '.$accessToken, ]
Here is Routes URL with Verb
Run the above listed url like as below screen shot:
1) Register API:
Verb: GET
2) Login API:
Verb: GET
3) Product List API:
Verb: GET
4) Product Create API:
Verb: POST
5) Product Update API:
Verb: PUT
6) Product Delete API:
Verb: DELETE